先上摘要:
Black bears (Ursus americanus) or grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) visited 8 of 55 cougar-killed (Felis concolor) ungulates in Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana, from 1992 to 1995, and 19 of 58 cougar kills in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, from 1990 to 1995. Bears displaced cougars from 4 of 8 carcasses they visited in GNP and 7 of 19 in YNP. Cougar predation provide
danaverage of 1.9 kg/day (range = 0-6.8 kg/day) of biomass to bears that fed on cougar-killed ungulates. This biomass was an important percent (up to 113%) of the daily
energy needs of bears when compared to their caloric requirements reported in the literature. We suggest that ungulate carrion resulting from cougar predation is important nutritionally to bears in some regions and seasons. Cougars that were displaced from their kills by bears lost an average of 0.64 kg/day of ungulate biomass, or 17-26% of their daily
energy requirements. Biologists modelling or measuring cougar predation rates should be aware that losses to scavengers may be significant.
1992~1995年间,在蒙大拿州的冰川国家公园,黑熊和棕熊分别8次和55次光顾了美洲狮杀死的猎物;而1990~1995年间,在苏明俄州的
黄石国家公园,黑熊和棕熊分别19次和58次光顾了美洲狮杀死的猎物。在冰川公园和
黄石公园,熊光顾美洲狮猎物的时候,分别有8次中的4次和19次中的7次,棕\黑熊将美洲狮赶走(另外4次或12次就是熊清理美洲狮吃剩下的有蹄类尸体了——译者注)。美洲狮提供给了那些以吃美洲狮捕杀的有蹄类为食的熊平均1.9kg/天的生物量,这是一个很大的数值,达到了熊每日所需的113%。我们认为对熊来说,美洲狮捕杀的有蹄类尸体在有些地区有些季节是很重要的。美洲狮因被棕熊从他们的猎物边赶走而失去了平均0.64kg/天的有蹄类生物量,相当于其每日所需的17~26%。生物学家通过计算美洲狮的捕猎率发现,美洲狮因熊的抢夺\清理而损失的猎物是很大的。
