Questionnaire on Sport Development in Shanghai From
the Perspective of expatriate in Shanghai
Dear Sir or Madam,
Thank you for your participation in this survey, which is jointly conducted by Shanghai Spots Bureau and Shanghai University of Sport. This survey aims to acquire a basic understanding of the sport participation demands of foreign professionals in Shanghai, so as to better the sport public services level and further relevant government policy making. Ultimately we aim to build and promote Shanghai as an international sport city image.
Please take a few minutes to answer the following questionnaire, just make the corresponding choice. In accordance with relevant state regulations, the answers and information you provide will be kept strictly confidential. Thank you for your cooperation!
Shanghai Sports Bureau
Shanghai University of Sport
Part I – Demographics
Directions: The following information is being requested for statistical purpose only. Please answer the following questions by placing a mark or circle on the appropriate box.
1. What is your gender? □ Male □ Female
2. What is your age?
□13-18 □19-24 □25-29 □30-34 □35-39 □40-44 □45-49 □50-59 □60-69 □70+
3. What is your marital/household status?
□Single □Married/Partner □Divorced □Widowed □Others
4. What is your highest education level?
□Elementary □Junior High □High School □Undergraduate □Graduate □Ph.D
5. How many children are in your household?(18 yr. old and under)___________
6. What is annual household income?
□< $2000 □ $2001-$5000 □ $5001-$8000 □ > $80007. 7.What is your nationality?
______________________(e.g. American, British, or Australian)
8. What is your occupation category?
□Blue Collar □Clerk □Education □Housewife/husband □Management □Military □Professional □Sales □Student □Technical □Others Your title_________
9. How long have you lived in Shanghai?
□<6 months □6—12 months □1—3 years □>3 years
10.Your level of Chinese language:
□don't know □ very little □basic oral communication □fluent
Part II—Sport Participation
1.How much leisure time do you have?(not including the time for working and for basic needs such as eating and sleeping)
□less than 1h □1h-3h □3h-5h □5h-7h □more than 7h
2.How many times a week do you exercise?(one-choice question)
□once a week □twice a week □three times a week □more than three times a week □unfixed times
3.When would you take exercise? (one-choice question)
□in the early morning □in the morning □at noon □in the afternoon
□at dusk □at night
4.What’s your opinion about the effect of taking exercise to the health?
□Having effect □just so so □no effect □unclear
5.What are your purposes for taking exercise?(two choices limited)
□to keep healthy □for amusement □to build up willpower □to make friends
□the need of the occupation(such as a serviceman or a PE teacher, etc.)
□to cure disease □to improve sports abilities □to adjust sentiments
□to lose weight □other reasons__________
6.Which are the exercise programs you always take part in ?(Multi-choice)
□basketball, volleyball and football □martial arts (qigong, Tai Chi, Mulanquan, etc. ) □tennis □swimming □hiking □aerobics, ballroom dance □climbing □cycling □bowling, billiards □others_________
7.The money you spent on sports mainly in______( one-choice question)
□buying sportswear, sneakers, sports socks and small-scale sports goods and sports equipment. etc.
□buying work-out card and participating in sports training courses and sports clubs and renting sports venue
□buying sports journals, books, newspapers, pictorial and videos, etc.
□watching sports games, sports shows and TV transmission ,etc.
□buying sports lotteries.
□others_______
8.How much have you spent on sports in recent one year?(one-choice question)(RMB)
□none □1-500RMB □501-1000RMB □1001-1500RMB
□1501-2000RMB □more than 2000RMB
9.Where would you take exercise? (one-choice question)
□in the sports field in community □in business sport fitness center
□in the sports field in school and work unit
□in the public place such as park and roads
□in our own home □others_________
10.How often do you take part in the paid sports activities in recent one year? (one-choice question)
□once a month □twice a month □three times a month
□more than three times a month
11.Who would you take exercise together ? (one-choice question)
□only myself □with my friends □with my colleagues □with my families
□with my neighbors □others_________
12. Have you watched the sports event held in Shanghai?(one-choice question)
□always □sometimes □no
13.The way you get the sports news through______( one-choice question)
□live TV or sports news reporting □sports journals □website □others _______

These highly prescriptive and punitive interventions in communications between athletes and their online audiences provoked complaints by, for example, US runner Nick Symmonds that it was “ludicrous” and “stupid” to “handicap a form of media that only increases exposure for your event.” His teammate Ricky Berens contrasted the direct nature of athlete-initiated communication with audiences with the filtered approach of television, observing that “Twitter and social media are how we can get our word out, and fans kind of want to see what things look like from behind the scenes.TV portrays things the way it wants to, and we can give a lot more that [sic] that” (quoted in Laird, 2012).
Such frustrations among athletes with the highly structured and “processed” nature of communication with audiences are often couched in terms of an “authentic,” unmediated connection. However, their social media messages may be as carefully crafted for commercial advantage as those of the institutional media. For example, in 2012 the UK’s Advertising Standards Authority upheld a complaint that footballers Wayne Rooney and Jack Wilshere had tweeted messages referring to Nike’s “Make It Count” campaign that failed to identify them as a marketing communication (Dresden, 2012).The harnessing of apparently spontaneous utter- ances of sportspeople to the campaigns of global brands indicates another stage in the development of sport audiences. However, the same media that have been used by sport and media organizations to exploit the passions of sport fans have also been used by fan groups to organize their own resistance, which has included campaigning on issues ranging from improv- ing stadium facilities to incorporating fans in the ownership and running of sport clubs (Rowe, 2011, Chapter 4). The most audacious (though small and faltering) case so far is that of MyFootballClub, which was established in 2007 as “the world’s first Internet community to buy and takeover a real-world-football club” (MyFootballClub, 2012, n.p.). Although this experi- ment in fan ownership of an English football club, with members across the world voting on organizational matters ranging from player budgets to playing strips (the original intention to “own the club and pick the team” did not eventuate), has not been a striking success, it has at least revealed the possibilities of online “crowdsourcing” (Hutchins and Rowe, 2012, Chapter 5), which can take advantage of networked media to enable a much deeper involvement in sport by its fans. By such means, spatially concentrated audiences can be transformed into glob- ally dispersed “activists,” with significant consequences for the cultural politics of sport.