Coexistence
和平共处
People like Sisto Hernandez walk the middle ground. Hernandezis a member of the White Mountain Apache Tribe in Arizona – an official partnerin the recovery effort – and is the tribe's range management specialist. Muchof the tribe's economy depends on ranching. He chairs the MexicanWolf/Livestock Coexistence Council, a public-private effort involvingranchers, conservationists, tribes and counties that helps ranchers livealongside wolves. "People don't have to love the wolf," saysHernandez. "They just have to feel they can live with it."
像西斯托·埃尔南德斯这样的人倾向于选择中庸之道。埃尔南德斯是亚利桑那州白山阿帕奇族部落的一位成员,也是为恢复计划做出努力的一位官方合作伙伴。与此同时,他还是部落里的草原管理专家——部落的许多收入都来源于经营牧场。他在墨西哥狼与家畜和平共处理事会中就任要职,该组织包括牧场主、动物保护主义者、印第安部落原住民和郡政府工作人员在内,公私兼并,且以帮助牧场主们与狼和平共处为宗旨。“人们并不非得爱上狼,”埃尔南德斯说,“他们只需要明白他们能与狼和平共处就行了。”
Members of the council have differing views on the wolf, butthey've committed to work together on three goals: healthy western landscapes,self-sustaining wolf populations and viable ranching. "We do a lot betterwhen we help each other," says Hernandez.
理事会的成员对狼的意见各不相同,但是他们都已决定为三个目标而共同努力:帮助西部生态风景恢复健康,帮助墨西哥狼繁衍直到其能自给自足,并让牧场焕发生机。“当我们互相帮助时,我们就能做得更好。”埃尔南德斯说。
“People don't have to love the wolf. They just have to feel they canlive with it.”
“人们并不非得爱上狼,他们只需要明白他们能与狼和平共处就行了。”
![](http://imgsrc.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=8e3f36cebb4543a9f51bfac42e178a7b/f55f02087bf40ad15fff2fd95b2c11dfa9ecce92.jpg)
The Mexican wolf (Canis lupis baileyi) isthe smallest and southernmost subspecies of gray wolf in North America. Image:George Andrejko/Arizona Game and Fish Department
墨西哥狼(学名:Canis lupisbaileyi)是北美洲分布的灰狼亚种中最小的,也是生活在最南端的。供图:乔治·安德烈杰科,亚利桑那州渔猎局
With the help of federal funds, the council goes beyondtraditional programmes that compensate ranchers for the loss of livestock towolves. It pays ranchers within wolf territory even if they don't lose any animals, and itencourages management actions that reduce livestock-wolf conflict. Thatincludes increasing human presence through their range-riders programme.
因为有了联邦基金的帮助,和传统的赔偿牧场主因狼袭击家畜而造成的经济损失的方法不同,理事会做出了更多的努力。他们向每一户居住在狼的领地中的牧场主发放补贴,即使他们并没有遭到狼的袭击而损失任何家畜。与此同时,他们鼓励农场主施行能够减少牲畜和狼之间的冲突的管理措施。这包括通过推广他们的牧场骑手计划来增加人类在这一地区的存在感。
"[Range riders] isn't just cowboy work," Hernandeztold me. "It's about knowing where the wolves like to be, their dens,trails, roads they are likely to use. Range riders have to know what toanticipate to help ranchers make management decisions that lessen thelikelihood of conflict. It's not an easy job. It takes the right person to doit."
“(牧场骑手)并不只干牛仔的活计,”埃尔南德斯告诉我,“这份工作需要洞悉狼可能出现的位置,包括牠们的兽穴、牠们的踪迹和牠们可能使用的小道。骑手们需要明白自己该预测些什么,并帮助牧场主执行管理决策以减少这种冲突发生的可能性。这可不是个轻松活,需要选则正确的人选来从事它。”
Each year, the council also pays ranchers in wolfterritory based on how many conflict-avoidance measures a rancher enactsand – perhaps most importantly – the number of wolf pups that surviveon the ranch. Although many consider the initiative a success, noteveryone has bought into it. The council keeps the names of ranchers who applyfor assistance anonymous in order to avoid reprisals from what Hernandez calls"extremists" on both sides. "There are people who can makethings difficult and we don't want to discourage [rancher] participationbecause [they fear] people might cut their fences, make threatening phonecalls, or do worse things to sabotage their ranch."
每年,理事会也会根据牧场主们制定了多少回避冲突的措施,以及最重要的——有多少狼崽在他们的牧场上生存下来了——来向牧场主们支付补贴。许多人认为这项开创性的举措非常成功,但是并不是每个人都会为它买账。理事会将申请援助的牧场主们的名单保持匿名,以免他们遭到(牧场主和动物保护主义者)两派之中的那些被埃尔南德斯称为“极端主义者”的人的报复。“这些人确实会让事情变得非常难办,而我们并不想让(得到补贴的牧场主们为)栅栏被切断、受到恐吓电话,或者(为)他们的牧场可能遭到更严重的破坏(而感到害怕),以至于在参与计划时感到气馁。”
That's the world Sonora wandered into last spring.
这就是在上个春天索诺拉悠游自在地走进美国国境的时候,世界上正在发生的事情。