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The seasonal fluctuation of female vampire crabs carrying eggs suggests there might be a peak in the reproductive activity of these ani- mals in nature, i.e,, during the rainy season Captive breeding can be successful with indi- vidual pairs or in colonies biased in favour of female specimens.
The crabs can be motivated to mate by raising the humidity level slightly, feeding more often, and reducing the temperature slightly. Provided both sexes are present, you will not normally have to wait for long before they mate and produce eggs. Unfortunatelv. none of the authors has so far been able to witness a mating event. It is known, howe- ver, that the male will lie on his back and pull the female onto his belly so that they
come to lie pleon to pleon (RADEMACHER & MENGEDOHT 2011). They will then spread their ventral flaps so that the gonopods ofthe male can reach the gonopores of the female for the transfer of spermatophores. With the female being able to store sperm for som time, it is possible that she will not be gravid right after mating, leaving the keeper waiting for offspring and becoming disappointed eventually. At one stage or another, he or she will note that the female has become a littler more withdrawn than normal and behave more secretively. Closer inspections will then reveal that her apron becomes more and more squarrose, which is a clear indication of the presence of eggs under it. As these swell substantially in volume and lever the
翻译：
携带卵的雌吸血蟹的季节性波动表明，在自然界中，这些雄性动物的繁殖活动可能有一个高峰，即在雨季，圈养繁殖可以成功地对单个或偏向于雌性标本的群体进行。
螃蟹可以通过稍微提高湿度、更多地进食和稍微降低温度来激发交配。只要两性都在场，你通常不需要等很长时间他们就会交配和产卵。Unfortunatelv。到目前为止，没有一个作者能够目睹交配事件。然而，我们知道，雄性会仰面躺下，然后把雌性拉到自己的腹部，这样它们就
来pleon对pleon撒谎(RADEMACHER & MENGEDOHT 2011)。然后它们会展开腹侧皮瓣，这样雄虫的性腺就可以到达雌虫的性腺孔，以便传递精囊。由于雌性能够储存精子一段时间，很有可能它在交配后不会马上怀孕，让饲养员等待后代，最终会感到失望。在某个阶段，他或她会注意到雌性变得比正常情况下更沉默寡言，行为更隐秘。仔细观察就会发现她的围裙变得越来越粗，这清楚地表明围裙下面有卵。由于这些膨胀大量的体积和杠杆

Propagation
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DEMACHER & 1 then spread nopods ofthe of the female ores. With the erm for some I not be gravid eeper waiting disappointed ther, he or she ecome a littler al and behave tions will then nes more and lear indication er it. As these and lever the
Fig. 49: Gravid females of Geosesarma notophorum in a nursery box
Fig. 50: Nursery boxes should be wellestabished and densely vegetated.
rabs, as used with
apron from the body to an ever greater extent as a result, the female will carry the eggs on her until the baby crabs eventually hatch. This period of maternal care continues for about 100 days in the species of Geosesarma sometimes even longer. Compared to other crabs, it is an exceptionally long period tha is due to what is known as direct embrvonid development.
In the case of indirect development, as is common in most other species of crabs, the eggs are rarely carried for longer than six weeks. These crabs will then release their larvae, known as zoeae or zoeas, by the thousands, if not millions, into the water. This may happen in freshwater that will then carry them to the sea, or right in brackish or seawater, depending on where exactly the adult crabs have their terrestrial habitats The larvae will then pass through a number of sequential stages before they eventually turn into baby crabs. The new generation will gradually exit the water and adapt to living on land instead. This indirect development plays out without any care from the mother animals, and the larvae are left to fend for themselves once they have been released into the water. Biologists refer to this mode of reproduction as r-strategy: The number of offspring is large enough to compensate for losses during the developmental stages due to external influences and predation so that there will be a sufficient number of specimens left in the end to reproduce and perpetuate the population.
This situation is different in the vampire crabs dealt with here. The extended perioc of carrying the eggs around that is typical of most representatives of Geosesarma facilitates the larval development of zoea and megalopa stages to be completed inside the egg. The result is that fully formed baby crabs hatch from the eggs and are released only then. Ir theircase, only a small number of eggs can be
Fig. 5r: Measuring just a few millimetres, a aby crab foraging in a cushion ofalgae.
翻译：
传播
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DEMACHER & 1然后散布雌性矿石的nopods。有了这个词，有些我不怀孕更深的等待失望，他或她来了一点，行为将会更多，并了解它的指示。正如这些杠杆
图49:育婴箱内的土参雌虫
图50:苗木箱应建好并有浓密的植被。
Rabs，如用于
因此，雌性会把卵带在身上，直到小螃蟹最终孵化出来。这一时期的母性护理持续约100天，在土鸡种，有时甚至更长。与其他螃蟹相比，这是一个异常长的时期，这是由于所谓的直接胚状体发育。
在间接发育的情况下，就像大多数其他种类的螃蟹一样，卵的携带时间很少超过六周。然后，这些螃蟹会把它们的幼虫，也就是所谓的zoeae或zoeas，成千上万，如果不是数百万，释放到水里。这种情况可能发生在将它们带入大海的淡水中，也可能发生在半咸水或海水中，这取决于成年蟹的陆地栖息地。然后，幼虫将经历一系列的阶段，直到最终成为幼蟹。新一代将逐渐离开水，适应陆地生活。这种间接的发育过程没有任何动物妈妈的照顾，一旦幼崽被释放到水中，它们就只能自己照顾自己。生物学家将这种繁殖模式称为r策略:后代的数量足够大，足以弥补发育阶段由于外部影响和捕食而造成的损失，因此最终会留下足够数量的样本来繁殖和延续种群。
这种情况在吸血螃蟹处理这里是不同的。携带卵的时间延长，这是大多数geoesarma的典型代表，促进了幼体和巨卵阶段的发育在卵内完成。结果是完全形成的小螃蟹从蛋中孵化出来，然后才被释放出来。在他们的情况下，只有少量的鸡蛋可以
图5r:只有几毫米长，一只在海藻垫子中觅食的幼蟹。

今天刚发现的卵还能人工孵出来吗