输入示例：MKI67 LUAD hsa-miR-664a-5p（MKI67为基因名称；LUAD为肿瘤名，hsa-miR-664a-5p为miRNA名称。）
Example：MKI67 LUAD（MKI67 refers to gene name；LUAD refers to cancer name, hsa-miR-664a-5p refers to miRNA name.）
背景知识1：miRNA（microRNA）通过一系列复杂的机制来影响蛋白质的表达。首先，miRNA是一类短链非编码RNA，可以通过与mRNA的互补配对来发挥作用。当miRNA与mRNA完全互补配对时，它会引导RISC（RNA诱导靶向RNA酶复合物）介导的降解途径，导致mRNA的降解，从而丧失靶标基因的功能。而当miRNA与mRNA的配对不完全互补时，miRNA则可以通过与mRNA相互作用，阻止其参与翻译过程，进而抑制蛋白质的合成。其次，miRNA在细胞内起着调节蛋白质表达水平的作用。通过抑制或增强miRNA的表达，可以间接地调节蛋白质的表达量。这种调控机制对于维持细胞内蛋白质的平衡和正常功能至关重要。此外，miRNA还参与了许多重要的生物学过程，如胚胎发育、细胞分化以及疾病的发生和发展。它们可以通过调控蛋白质表达来影响细胞的行为和功能。特别是在肿瘤发生过程中，miRNA可以诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡，抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和扩散。它们还可以通过调节细胞周期相关蛋白的表达来减缓细胞增殖，从而实现抑制肿瘤生长的效果。综上所述，miRNA通过与mRNA的相互作用来调控蛋白质的表达，从而影响细胞的功能和生物学过程。对于深入了解miRNA在蛋白质表达调控中的作用，有助于我们更好地理解生物体内的基因表达调控机制，并为疾病的治疗提供新的思路和方法。
Background 1：miRNA (microRNA) influences protein expression through a series of complex mechanisms. First, mirnas are a class of short non-coding Rnas that can function by complementary pairing with mRNA. When miRNA is fully complementary paired with mRNA, it guides the RISC (RNA-induced Targeting RNase complex) -mediated degradation pathway, resulting in the degradation of mRNA and loss of function of the target gene. However, when the pairing of miRNA and mRNA is not completely complementary, miRNA can interact with mRNA to prevent it from participating in the translation process, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Second, miRNA plays a role in regulating protein expression levels in cells. By inhibiting or enhancing miRNA expression, protein expression can be indirectly regulated. This regulatory mechanism is essential for maintaining the balance and normal function of proteins within cells. In addition, mirnas are involved in many important biological processes, such as embryonic development, cell differentiation, and the onset and progression of diseases. They can influence cell behavior and function by regulating protein expression. Especially in the process of tumorigenesis, miRNA can induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit the growth and spread of tumor cells. They can also slow down cell proliferation by regulating the expression of cell cycle-related proteins, thus achieving the effect of inhibiting tumor growth. In summary, miRNA regulates protein expression through interaction with mRNA, thereby affecting cell function and biological processes. Further understanding of the role of miRNA in the regulation of protein expression will help us better understand the mechanism of gene expression regulation in organisms, and provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of diseases.
背景知识2：有些蛋白质会抑制其他蛋白质的表达。在生物体内，蛋白质的表达受到一系列复杂的调控机制的影响，其中包括被抑制的蛋白质。这些被抑制的蛋白质通过一系列调控机制，如转录抑制、转录后修饰等，来降低其他蛋白质的表达量。具体来说，一种常见的机制是转录抑制。某些蛋白质可以与DNA上的特定区域结合，阻止转录因子的结合，从而抑制基因的转录过程，进而减少特定蛋白质的合成。此外，蛋白质还可以通过转录后修饰来调控基因表达，例如与已经转录的mRNA结合，阻止其进一步的翻译过程，从而抑制蛋白质的产生。除了这些直接的调控方式，还有一些间接的方式可以影响蛋白质的表达。例如，通过抑制蛋白质合成的关键酶或调控因子，可以降低蛋白质的合成水平。另外，针对蛋白质合成的信号通路进行抑制，也可以有效地减少蛋白质的合成。总的来说，蛋白质对蛋白质表达的抑制是生物体内复杂调控网络的一部分，对于维持生物体的正常生理功能具有重要的意义。因此，在前面miRNA泛筛模块，与蛋白正相关的miRNA 被保留，因为miRNA可能通过调节靶基因间接影响目标基因，从而产生正相关的数据趋势。
Background 2：Some proteins inhibit the expression of other proteins. In vivo, protein expression is affected by a complex set of regulatory mechanisms, including the suppressed proteins. These inhibited proteins reduce the expression of other proteins through a series of regulatory mechanisms, such as transcriptional inhibition and post-transcriptional modification. Specifically, a common mechanism is transcriptional inhibition. Certain proteins can bind to specific regions on DNA, preventing the binding of transcription factors, thereby inhibiting the transcription process of genes, which in turn reduces the synthesis of specific proteins. In addition, proteins can regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional modifications, such as binding to already transcribed mRNA and preventing its further translation process, thereby inhibiting protein production. In addition to these direct ways of regulation, there are indirect ways in which protein expression can be affected. For example, by inhibiting key enzymes or regulators of protein synthesis, the level of protein synthesis can be reduced. In addition, inhibition of the signaling pathway of protein synthesis can also effectively reduce protein synthesis. In general, protein-to-protein inhibition is part of a complex regulatory network in organisms and has important implications for maintaining the normal physiological function of organisms. Therefore, in front of the miRNA pansieving module, the miRNA is positively correlated with the protein It is retained because mirnas may indirectly affect target genes by regulating target genes, resulting in a positive correlation of data trends.
图示：相关性分析与费歇尔精确检验
Figure：Correlation analysis and Fischer's exact test
说明：根据表达量将基因分成4类（Positive，Moderate，Weak，Negative），用列联表热图可视化，颜色的深浅代表样本数量的多少。对角线颜色越深，则2个基因的表达趋势具有较好的相关性，即相关性系数的绝对值更大。
Description：Genes are divided into 4 classes (Positive, Moderate, Weak, Negative) according to the expression level (visualized by contingency table heat map, and the depth of color represents the number of samples. The darker the diagonal color is, the expression trend of the two genes has a better correlation, that is, the absolute value of the correlation coefficient is larger.
方法：计算2个基因的Pearson相关性，同时进行费歇尔精确检验。
Methods：The Pearson correlation of the two genes is calculated and Fisher's exact test is performed.
结果：在LUAD中，MKI67与hsa-miR-664a-5p显著负相关（Pearson相关性系数：-0.53）。
Results：In LUAD, PDCD1 is significantly negatively correlated with hsa-miR-664a-5p (Pearson correlation coefficient: -0.53).
图示：相关性分析散点图
Figure：Correlation analysis（Scatter plot）
说明：每个散点代表一个样本，散点的横/纵坐标分别代表该样本中两个基因的表达量。根据两个基因的中位值，将样本分为MKI67/hsa-miR-664a-5p高表达组、MKI67高表达/hsa-miR-664a-5p低表达组MKI67低表达/hsa-miR-664a-5p高表达组、MKI67/hsa-miR-664a-5p低表达组，反映散点不同的颜色和形状。
Description：Each scatter represents a sample, and the horizontal/vertical coordinates of the scatter represent the expression of two genes in that sample, respectively. According to the median value of the two genes, the samples are divided into MKI67/hsa-miR-664a-5p high expression group, MKI67 high expression/hsa-miR-664a-5p low expression group, MKI67 low expression/hsa-miR-664a-5p high expression group, and MKI67/hsa-miR-664a-5p low expression group, reflecting different colors and shapes of the scatter.
方法：Cor.test函数计算2个基因的Pearson相关性。
Methods：The Cor.test function calculates the Pearson correlation of 2 genes.
结果：在LUAD中，MKI67与hsa-miR-664a-5p显著负相关（Pearson相关性系数：-0.53，p<0.001）。
Results：MKI67 is significantly negatively correlated with hsa-miR-664a-5p in LUAD (Pearson correlation coefficient: -0.53, p<0.001).
Example：MKI67 LUAD（MKI67 refers to gene name；LUAD refers to cancer name, hsa-miR-664a-5p refers to miRNA name.）
背景知识1：miRNA（microRNA）通过一系列复杂的机制来影响蛋白质的表达。首先，miRNA是一类短链非编码RNA，可以通过与mRNA的互补配对来发挥作用。当miRNA与mRNA完全互补配对时，它会引导RISC（RNA诱导靶向RNA酶复合物）介导的降解途径，导致mRNA的降解，从而丧失靶标基因的功能。而当miRNA与mRNA的配对不完全互补时，miRNA则可以通过与mRNA相互作用，阻止其参与翻译过程，进而抑制蛋白质的合成。其次，miRNA在细胞内起着调节蛋白质表达水平的作用。通过抑制或增强miRNA的表达，可以间接地调节蛋白质的表达量。这种调控机制对于维持细胞内蛋白质的平衡和正常功能至关重要。此外，miRNA还参与了许多重要的生物学过程，如胚胎发育、细胞分化以及疾病的发生和发展。它们可以通过调控蛋白质表达来影响细胞的行为和功能。特别是在肿瘤发生过程中，miRNA可以诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡，抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和扩散。它们还可以通过调节细胞周期相关蛋白的表达来减缓细胞增殖，从而实现抑制肿瘤生长的效果。综上所述，miRNA通过与mRNA的相互作用来调控蛋白质的表达，从而影响细胞的功能和生物学过程。对于深入了解miRNA在蛋白质表达调控中的作用，有助于我们更好地理解生物体内的基因表达调控机制，并为疾病的治疗提供新的思路和方法。
Background 1：miRNA (microRNA) influences protein expression through a series of complex mechanisms. First, mirnas are a class of short non-coding Rnas that can function by complementary pairing with mRNA. When miRNA is fully complementary paired with mRNA, it guides the RISC (RNA-induced Targeting RNase complex) -mediated degradation pathway, resulting in the degradation of mRNA and loss of function of the target gene. However, when the pairing of miRNA and mRNA is not completely complementary, miRNA can interact with mRNA to prevent it from participating in the translation process, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Second, miRNA plays a role in regulating protein expression levels in cells. By inhibiting or enhancing miRNA expression, protein expression can be indirectly regulated. This regulatory mechanism is essential for maintaining the balance and normal function of proteins within cells. In addition, mirnas are involved in many important biological processes, such as embryonic development, cell differentiation, and the onset and progression of diseases. They can influence cell behavior and function by regulating protein expression. Especially in the process of tumorigenesis, miRNA can induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit the growth and spread of tumor cells. They can also slow down cell proliferation by regulating the expression of cell cycle-related proteins, thus achieving the effect of inhibiting tumor growth. In summary, miRNA regulates protein expression through interaction with mRNA, thereby affecting cell function and biological processes. Further understanding of the role of miRNA in the regulation of protein expression will help us better understand the mechanism of gene expression regulation in organisms, and provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of diseases.
背景知识2：有些蛋白质会抑制其他蛋白质的表达。在生物体内，蛋白质的表达受到一系列复杂的调控机制的影响，其中包括被抑制的蛋白质。这些被抑制的蛋白质通过一系列调控机制，如转录抑制、转录后修饰等，来降低其他蛋白质的表达量。具体来说，一种常见的机制是转录抑制。某些蛋白质可以与DNA上的特定区域结合，阻止转录因子的结合，从而抑制基因的转录过程，进而减少特定蛋白质的合成。此外，蛋白质还可以通过转录后修饰来调控基因表达，例如与已经转录的mRNA结合，阻止其进一步的翻译过程，从而抑制蛋白质的产生。除了这些直接的调控方式，还有一些间接的方式可以影响蛋白质的表达。例如，通过抑制蛋白质合成的关键酶或调控因子，可以降低蛋白质的合成水平。另外，针对蛋白质合成的信号通路进行抑制，也可以有效地减少蛋白质的合成。总的来说，蛋白质对蛋白质表达的抑制是生物体内复杂调控网络的一部分，对于维持生物体的正常生理功能具有重要的意义。因此，在前面miRNA泛筛模块，与蛋白正相关的miRNA 被保留，因为miRNA可能通过调节靶基因间接影响目标基因，从而产生正相关的数据趋势。
Background 2：Some proteins inhibit the expression of other proteins. In vivo, protein expression is affected by a complex set of regulatory mechanisms, including the suppressed proteins. These inhibited proteins reduce the expression of other proteins through a series of regulatory mechanisms, such as transcriptional inhibition and post-transcriptional modification. Specifically, a common mechanism is transcriptional inhibition. Certain proteins can bind to specific regions on DNA, preventing the binding of transcription factors, thereby inhibiting the transcription process of genes, which in turn reduces the synthesis of specific proteins. In addition, proteins can regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional modifications, such as binding to already transcribed mRNA and preventing its further translation process, thereby inhibiting protein production. In addition to these direct ways of regulation, there are indirect ways in which protein expression can be affected. For example, by inhibiting key enzymes or regulators of protein synthesis, the level of protein synthesis can be reduced. In addition, inhibition of the signaling pathway of protein synthesis can also effectively reduce protein synthesis. In general, protein-to-protein inhibition is part of a complex regulatory network in organisms and has important implications for maintaining the normal physiological function of organisms. Therefore, in front of the miRNA pansieving module, the miRNA is positively correlated with the protein It is retained because mirnas may indirectly affect target genes by regulating target genes, resulting in a positive correlation of data trends.
图示：相关性分析与费歇尔精确检验
Figure：Correlation analysis and Fischer's exact test
说明：根据表达量将基因分成4类（Positive，Moderate，Weak，Negative），用列联表热图可视化，颜色的深浅代表样本数量的多少。对角线颜色越深，则2个基因的表达趋势具有较好的相关性，即相关性系数的绝对值更大。
Description：Genes are divided into 4 classes (Positive, Moderate, Weak, Negative) according to the expression level (visualized by contingency table heat map, and the depth of color represents the number of samples. The darker the diagonal color is, the expression trend of the two genes has a better correlation, that is, the absolute value of the correlation coefficient is larger.
方法：计算2个基因的Pearson相关性，同时进行费歇尔精确检验。
Methods：The Pearson correlation of the two genes is calculated and Fisher's exact test is performed.
结果：在LUAD中，MKI67与hsa-miR-664a-5p显著负相关（Pearson相关性系数：-0.53）。
Results：In LUAD, PDCD1 is significantly negatively correlated with hsa-miR-664a-5p (Pearson correlation coefficient: -0.53).
图示：相关性分析散点图
Figure：Correlation analysis（Scatter plot）
说明：每个散点代表一个样本，散点的横/纵坐标分别代表该样本中两个基因的表达量。根据两个基因的中位值，将样本分为MKI67/hsa-miR-664a-5p高表达组、MKI67高表达/hsa-miR-664a-5p低表达组MKI67低表达/hsa-miR-664a-5p高表达组、MKI67/hsa-miR-664a-5p低表达组，反映散点不同的颜色和形状。
Description：Each scatter represents a sample, and the horizontal/vertical coordinates of the scatter represent the expression of two genes in that sample, respectively. According to the median value of the two genes, the samples are divided into MKI67/hsa-miR-664a-5p high expression group, MKI67 high expression/hsa-miR-664a-5p low expression group, MKI67 low expression/hsa-miR-664a-5p high expression group, and MKI67/hsa-miR-664a-5p low expression group, reflecting different colors and shapes of the scatter.
方法：Cor.test函数计算2个基因的Pearson相关性。
Methods：The Cor.test function calculates the Pearson correlation of 2 genes.
结果：在LUAD中，MKI67与hsa-miR-664a-5p显著负相关（Pearson相关性系数：-0.53，p<0.001）。
Results：MKI67 is significantly negatively correlated with hsa-miR-664a-5p in LUAD (Pearson correlation coefficient: -0.53, p<0.001).
